KARTAL
Kartal county which its population is 407.865 in (2000),takes part in the Anatolia side of Istanbul and southwest of Kocaeli Peninsula.It is surrounded with Pendik at the east,Maltepe at the west,Sultanbeyli county and Şamandıra district at the North and Marmara Sea at the South. Here is meeting with Ümraniye and Sile at the further North.
Sultanbeyli and Maltepe which were included to Kartal before,became county and separated from Kartal in 1992.

The surface area is 80 acre.The centre of district is a small fishing village since the old times.It is believed that the reason of here to be called as Kartal,because of a fisherman who name was Kartelli who came and settled  here first for fishing in the coast.On the other hand,it is known this district which was important as a seaport to be called as Kartalımın.It is accepted the fact that when have these two ideas combined;The pronunciation of the county’s name in the Bizans time was a near word to the word of Kartal.When Turks started to use this word by turning to Kartal in Turkish,it has reached today like this.

It was taken back from Bizans by Kutalmışoğlu Süleyman Şah in the 11.century,but was taken over again by Bizans in the course of time.
Kartal,completely entered in the Ottoman sovereignty at the end of the war against Bizans in 1329.Kartal which was a small local district also in the Ottoman period,started to get into action relatively,after the opening of suburb train line between Haydarpaşa-Pendik in 1873.

The biggest change of Kartal with the Republic,Greeks who lived in the Ottoman’s tolerance and protection with Turks for 600 years,to be sent to Greek in accordance with the Lozan Pact’s concerned rule and to settle some Turks in here who was brought from there.Thus,Kartal completely won that the Turkish district identity.
With Kartal and its enviroment to be determined as an industry district,the county’s population increased but in serious proportion of environment pollution happened.In the Kartal which is still one of the important industry places of Istanbul,the big majority of the people have been working as worker.In the county centre and Şamandıra district,there are approximately 400 big and small  scale of factory,1300 work shop,1200 trades and business.In these factories and businesses approximately 40000 workers has been working.

The transport in Kartal is being supplied by highway,railway and by sea.From Kartal which is 15 minutes distance to the Sabiha Gökçen airport which started to serve in Pendik-Kurtköy,the transport is supplied to Yalova by seabus and passenger ship,the E-5 highway connects the county to Anatolia.
From the Bosphorus and Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridges on the Istanbul shore,to the cities and counties the highway transport is being supplied.
The Bağdat Street which goes from Kadıköy to Pendik,occupies an important place in the county.
The transport in the coast side has been going until Kartal by passing Maltepe county from Bostancı,and from there until Tuzla via Pendik.
The other transport is the Anatolia highway which passes from Büyükbakkalköy,Samandıra and Sultanbeyli.

GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION

Boundary and Surface Area:
Kartal county,is a rather amazing district which has historical and culturel wealths like fruitful lands as settlement place,suitable climate,enough amount of spring waters,famous sacred fountain and a nature wonder like Yakacık which is called as balkony of the world.
Kartal which became county after 1908,takes part at the southwest of the Kocaeli Peninsula,at the northeast of Marmara Sea and between 40 degree and 50 minutes latitudes,29 degree 11 minutes longitudes.
It is surrounded with Pendik and Sultanbeyli at the east,Umraniye at the north and northwest,Maltepe at the west,Marmara Sea at the south.It has 83 acre surface area.

Geological Situation and Mountains:
The altitude rises until 537 meters with a nice slope to the north with starting 0.The coast of the county is covered with sand and clay,towards the north from the coast is covered with silicas.This mass is covered with maximum 1 meter thickness of red and brown soils and rather fruitful.In the Yakacık district limestone and kuvarsit mines are founded.When to the county is looked,it is seen the county is came into existence from a set hill and flatness.The highest mountain of Istanbul is Yakacık Aydos Mountain with 537 meter height.

Waters:
Its pricipal streams are,Paşaköy stream,Kavaklıdere and Fındıklıdere, spills into the Omerli Dam.
The spring waters which is found in Yakacık,has been satisfying to drinking waters necessity of Yakacık people.

Climate:
It forms a passageway between Black sea’s rainy climate and the Mediterranean’s temperant climate.It is in the effect of the Balkan’s Peninsula cold climate in winter,Blacksea’s rainy,the Mediterranean’s temperant and sunny weathers.Because of that reason it doesn’t matter the passing from winter to spring and from summer to autumn.The winter continues from december to April,average it snows for 7 days,approximately there is frost 25 days.

MAIN NEIGHBOURHOODS:

Yakacık
Soğanlık


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