USKUDAR (SKUTARI)
Usküdar takes place at the west of the Kocaeli Peninsula.
Usküdar county is neighbour with Umraniye at the east,Kadıköy at the South,the Bosphorus at the west and northwest,Beykoz at the North.
The district overspreads 35 acre surface area in these boundaries.At the west is the sea.
Usküdar where there is no rural settlement consist of 52 quarter.

Usküdar where was made separate city in 1918 and 1924 was connected to Istanbul by making county during the managerial  arrangements in 1926.

The Halkedon’s (Kadıköy) wharfs and shipyards where was founded as a Greek colony in the 7th.century B.C.,was in the place where Uskudar takes part today and here was named Hrisopolis (The Golden City).The city to be named like that has been explaining in the different ways.
Because of the golds which were kept as tax from the paoples and tribes in the Anatolia Peninsula during the Persian occupation, hided in the treasures here,it is being said this district named like that.
According to another interpretation,Krizes the son of Agememnon had come to the Anatolia by escaping and the district was named with his name because of he died in Usküdar.

Some people says,the reason of giving the name of Golden city to Usküdar is that its houses are seen like gilded from the other side.
According to some sources,the name of Usküdar had derived from Eskudari which means messenger in Persian language.

There are many historical structures in Usküdar like Tabhaneli mosque and tomb which was built by the Vizier Greek Mehmed Pahsa in 1471 and carries the Pasha’s name,the Queen tower , the Moslem theological school and Turkish bath.
Hrisopolis entered to the sovereignty of the Persian King in 508 B.C.,after the seawar which was concluded with the victory of Alkibiades from Athens in 410 B.C.,this commander had a castle built around the city and got money from the ships which pass from the Bosphorus  as proportion as  their loads worth.
The writer Ksenophon tells, thousands of people who were alive came to Hrisopolis via the Black Sea way in the return of Asia expedition and sold their spoils in their hands to district’s people during their staying for a week.

In the Big Iskender and following’s time with the northwest of Anatolia and also Halkedon and Hrisopolis were also in the Frigian’s boundries.

In Konstantinopolis where Arabians enterprised for siege many times,the first target and headquarters of the Muslims troops who came via highway and voyage was Usküdar.

Harunü’r-Reşit had come in front of Usküdar and stayed here every year before became caliph in 782.When he was beaten to the army of Empress Eirene in 783,it is known that he had to pay 70.000 gold.
On the other hand,the sources have been writing that after the Anatolia conquered by Türks Turasan bey from Danishments came to Usküdar,he had a castle built in Alemdağ and was martyred by Bizans during the war in front of his castle.But this information coulnd’t be confirmed because of  it couldn’t be seen any trace about this castle.

Usküdar where continued its existence until the Bizans period,became a begining point in many revolution enterprise.For example;Nikeforos Fokas had himself made a king and caught the power.On the other hand the crusaders assembled their military camp on the Usküdar hills in 1097 and the district had been used as base in the following crusadies.

After, Sultan Orhan (1324-1361) took over the Bitinya district of Bizans,had come in front of Hrisopolis where called as the door of this empire,there upon III.Andronikos had sent the troops here who he assembled but had been beaten.

It is being known that  Sultan Orhan who got married with Bizans Princess Teodora came to Usküdar for visiting his father-in-law Emperor Vlioannes in 1348,and a large sumptuous was founded in a place where  overlooking to Marmara and the Queen tower which is called a ungiving up place for Usküdar also today for his family and the public of the Palace to stay.

Because of Sultan Orhan was beaten to Venedikians in 1352,had sent cavalry forces to Usküdar and Kadıköy for supporting to the Ceneviz navy which asked helped from him and thus by settling to these key places had taken over to Kadıköy and Usküdar before 101 years from the conquer of Istanbul.

It was decided that a Muslim jadge will care the trials of Muslims who were staying in Istanbul in the I.Bayezid (Yıldırım) period (1389-1402),thus in Usküdar where in the Türks sovereignty a Muslim jadge had been commissioned.

In the Fetret Age which occured after Yıldırım Beyazıd’s death,although Türks was sent away after the places were lost in Bitinya,I.Mehmet Celebi had taken over these places back from Bizans after he ascended the throne,thus Türks regained again to the trade freedom in the district.After the conquest of Istanbul II.Mehmed had Türks settled down here who came from Anatolia instead of Greeks who escaped from Usküdar.

Barely for the reason that during the conquest of Usküdar was in the Türks hand for 100 years and they dont have the docüments which were necessary for making comparison,it is not possible to fix that how much the population increased after conquest.

By the  separating  of Istanbul’s inhabiting districts into 4 jadge part in the managerial way in the II.Mehmed period,Usküdar had also become a judgement place and had constituted the trio which called Bilad-ı Selase with the Galata and Haslar judgement places.

The Tabhaneli mosque and tomb which was built by Visier Greek Mehmed Pasha and took his name in 1471,the Muslim theological school and Turkish bath which couldn’t reach today,are the oldest Ottoman structures in Usküdar. 

An other important characteristic of Usküdar in the Ottoman time,the Sure-i Humayun which Muslim pilgrim candidates was constituted who goes Mekke and Medine in Every year to see them off from here with ceremonies.The ceremonies which were arranged before the long convoy set out which camels constitude which carries the presents which the Muslim pilgrim candidates and the Sultan sent to the Mekke master,had brought a big liveliness to Usküdar.

On the other hand, Usküdar is loaded with the traces which concerned the life travel’s ending.Really,Karacaahmed graveyard where started to be formed in 14.century,and became a completely Muslim graveyard after conquest.

With The Bektaşi  Karaca Ahmed who gave his name to the graveyard ,many sect sheikh founded dervish convent in Usküdar.

THE MAIN NEIGHBOURHOODS

Anadolu Hisarı
Altunizade
Beylerbeyi
Çamlıca
Çengelköy
Ünalan
Haydarpaşa



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